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Term	Definition
Parenchyma	Ground tissue composed of mostly isodiametric, thin-walled cells that usually retain the ability to divide.
Parietal placentation	A type of placentation found in compound, unilocular ovaries in which the ovules arise from placentae inserted on the wall of the locule near the sutures.
Paripinnada	Dos veces pinnada; por ejemplo, las hojas de muchas especies de Fabaceae-Mimosoideae. Ver pinnada
Paripinnate leaf	Pinnate with an even number of leaflets; i.e., without a terminal leaflet. Same as even-pinnate and parapinnate..
Parthenogenic	The production of offspring from an egg without fertilization.
Patch Size Score	0-10 scale of forest block size (>2 hectare to >20 hectares)
Patelliform	Shaped like a kneecap; e.g., the glands of some species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae).
Patent	Spreading.
Pearl bodies	Glycogen-rich food bodies on the surfaces of the leaves of species of Pourouma (Cecropiaceae). Compare with Muellerian bodies.
Peciolo	Rabillo que une a la lámina de una hoja con el tallo o rama; en las hojas compuestas es el rabillo que está entre la inserción de la hoja en el tallo o rama y el par basal de foliolos
Peciólulo	Peciolo que sostiene a la hojuelas en las hojas compuestas. Hay varios órdenes de peciólulos en las hojas que son dos o más veces compuestas. En las hojas palmeadas-compuestas los peciólulos están dispuestos de manera radial desde un punto central
Peconha	For trees smaller than ten centimeters in diameter, a climber can use an adjustable loop called a peconha in Brazilian Portuguese. A peconha was traditionally made of bark fiber, but is now made of canvas.The climber places it around his feet, grips the tree with both hands and his looped-together feet, and essentially hops up the tree. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com.
Pectinate	Pinnately divided into many more or less parallel segments and resembling the teeth of a comb.
Pedaliform	Resembling the sole of a foot in shape.
Pedate	Palmately divided with the lateral divisions 2-cleft.
Pedatisect	Pedately divided with the sinuses nearly reaching the middle. Compare with pedate.
Pedicel	The stalk of the flower. Flowers without pedicels are called sessile.
Pedicel (adj. = pedicellate)	The stalk supporting some flowers.
Pedicel scar	The scar left by the stalk to which the fruit is attached.
Pedicel/hypanthium	The pedicel is articulate in all species of Lecythidaceae. In some species the hypanthium tapers to the articulation and resembles a pedicel and, in other species, the hypanthium is truncate and does not resemble a pedicel. Thus, everything from the calyx to the articulation and from the articulation to the rachis is called the pedicel/hypanthium.
Pedicel/hypanthium tapered to articulation	The pedicel/hypanthium is tapered gradually to the ariculation such that a true pedicel appears to be present
Pedicel/hypanthium truncate at articulation	There is no clear cut pedicel in this type of pedicel/hypanthium
Pedicelo	Estructura usualmente linear u oblonga que sostiene a la flor
Peduncle	The stalk of an inflorescence.
Peduncular bract	A bract on the peduncle in Arecaceae located on the main axis of the inflorescence between the prophyll and the first bract of the rachis; any bract associated with the peduncle; e.g., in the Orchidaceae.
Pedunculate	Possessing a peduncle.
Pedúnculo	Parte basal del eje de la inflorescencia
Pega-pega	Se refiere a plantas que dispersan sus frutos o semillas por contacto, pegándose a las plumas o pelos de los animales. Muchas malezas tienen este tipo de dispersión, frecuentemente se pegan a las ropas de las personas
Pellucid dots	Dots that transmit light when held against a light source, often observed on the leaves of some species of Myrtaceae and Rutaceae.
Pelos Combretáceos	Se refiere a largos pelos unicelulares, agudos, con una pared muy gruesa, que poseen hacia la base un compartimento interior cónico; característico de las Combretaceae.
Peltada	Se refiere a una lámina de la hoja cuyo peciolo está insertado en la porción inferior interna y no en el margen; por ejemplo, Nymphaea glandulifera (Nymphaeaceae) y Hydrocotyle umbellata (Apiaceae).
Peltate leaf	Referring to a leaf blade attached to the petiole by its lower surface rather than its margin; for example species of Nymphaea glandulifera, Hydrocotyle umbellata, and those illustrated for this term.
Peltate scale	A scale attached to a stalk by its lower surface rather than its margin; for example, the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of the leaves of Dendrobangia boliviana, the leaves of species of Duguetia, and the leaves of species of Croton and other species of Euphorbiaceae, and many species of Capparidaceae may have peltate scales.
Pendent, pendulous	Hanging.
Penicillate	Shaped like an artist’s brush; e.g., the stigma of some species of Turnera (Turneraceae).
Pepo	A fleshy, indehiscent, many-seeded fruit with a rigid exocarp typical of many species of Cucurbitaceae.
Percurrent growth	In the Viscaceae, the longitudinal pattern of shoot growth through continued activity of the apical meristem.
Percurrent tertiary venation	Tertiaries from the opposite secondaries joining (Hickey, 1973)
Percurrent veins	Veins of the same order that run parallel to each another between veins of a higher order; e.g., tertiary veins and their orientation between secondary veins.
Perennate	Referring to an organ; e.g., an inflorescence, persisting for more than one flowering period.
Perennial	A plant that lives and produces seeds for three or more years. Compare with annual and biennial.
Perfect flower	Referring to a flower that possesses both male (staminate) and female (pistillate) organs.
Perfoliate	Referring to a stem that penetrates two leaf bases that are completely fused together. When two leaf bases wrap around the stem the leaf is said to be amplexicaulous or clasping.
Perfoliate	Referring to a stem that with two leaf bases that are completely fused together, i.e., the leaves look as if their bases grew through the leaves.
Perforate	Provided with holes; e.g., the leaves of some species of Monstera (Araceae).
Pergameneous	With the texture of parchment.
Perianth	The collective term for the calyx and the corolla, even when they are not differentiated (i.e., represented by tepals).
Perianto	Término general para referirse al cáliz y a la corola, aún cuando no están diferenciados (en este caso el perianto está compuesto por los tépalos).
Pericarp	The wall of the fruit, which is usually made up of three layers: exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.
Pericarp	The wall of the fruit, which is usually made up of three layers, the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp which are the outer, middle, and and inner layers of the fruit, respecitively.
Pericarpel	In the Cactaceae, the part of the receptacle fused to the ovary.
Periderm	Protective tissue located on the outside of stems, branches, and roots, consisting of the phellogen or cork cambium, the phellem or cork to the outside, and the phelloderm to the inside. Same as cork.
Peridermis	Tejido protector localizado en la parte externa de los tallos, ramas y raíces. Este consiste de felógeno o cambio de corcho, el félem, súber o corcho hacia el exterior, y la felodermis hacia el interior.
Perigon (perigoniate)	A reduced perianth found in the flowers of some species of Araceae, Monimiaceae, and Siparunaceae.
Perigynium	A sac-like structure surrounding the ovary of some Cyperaceae, e.g.. Carex. Same as utricle.
Perigynous ovary	Referring to a flower in which the sepals, petals, and stamens arise from the rim of a cuplike hypanthium surrounding the ovary.
Período cretáceo, cretácico	Período de tiempo geológico que es parte de la era Mezozoica; empezó hace aproximadamente 144 millones de años atrás y terminó alrededor de los 65 millones de años. Para una mayor información, ver la página web del Museo de Paleontología de la Universidad de California: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/index.php
Peripheral filaments	Protein filaments associated with sieve-element plastids.
Perisperm	Food-storage tissue derived from the nucellus of some flowering plants.
Persistent	Referring to a structure that remains attached. Opposite of deciduous.
Personal equipment	The personal equipment needed for doing prolonged expeditions to the neotropics. Access the attached PDF for a list of essential personal equipment used by the senior author of this glossary. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com.
Personate	Referring to a bilabiate corolla with an expansion on the lower lip that blocks entry into the tube; e.g., in some species of Acanthaceae.
Perula (plural = perulae, adj. = perulate)	A scale of a leaf bud. The same as bud scale.
Petal	An outermost segment of the corolla.
Petal apex reflexed	A petal apex that turns abruptly inward.
Petal lobe	A lobe of the corolla that arises from the corolla tube.
Pétalo	Cada uno de los segmentos que componen la corola
Petaloid	Petal-like.
Petiole	The stalk of the leaf blade. The petiole and blade together equal the leaf
Petiole	The stalk of a leaf; in compound leaves, the stalk between the leaf attachment on the stem and the insertion of the first leaflet.
Petiole cross-section	A section of a petiole made at right angles to its length just below the start of the blade.
Petiolule	The stalk of a leaflet. Several different orders of petiolules may exist in leaves twice or more compound; those in a palmately compound leaf radiate from a common central point.
Phanerocotylar cotyledons	A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons emerge from the seed coat. Compare with cryptocotylar.
Phanerogam	A plant that produces seed; the gymnosperms and angiosperms are phanerogams. Compare with cryptogam.
Phellem	A layer of suberized cells produced outwardly by the cork cambium.

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