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Term	Definition
Palmately veined	Referring to leaf venation in which the main veins of the blade radiate from a common point near the base.
Palmatinervia	Se refiere a la disposición radial de los nervios que nacen desde un punto común en la base de una hoja
Palmatisect	Digitately divided; arranged like the fingers of a human hand.
Pampas	A Spanish term referring to grass-dominated plains, especially those found in eastern Argentina.
pandurate	Fiddle-shaped.
Panicle	A compound raceme in which the primary branches are racemose, which, in turn, give rise to secondary and sometimes higher order racemose branches.
Pantanal	A tropical wetland and the world's largest wetland of any kind. It lies mostly within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul but extends into Mato Grosso as well as into parts of Bolivia and Paraguay
Papilionaceous corolla	The zygomorphic corolla of most species of papilionoid legumes.
Papilionoid	Referring to flowers similar to those of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae; e.g., those of the Polygalaceae.
Papilla (plural = papillae, adj. = papillate)	Small projections that are often found on leaf blade surfaces. Papillae usually represent modifications of the cuticle.
Papilla (plural = papillae; adj. = papillate)	Referring to an abaxial leaf blade surface or a stigma that bears minute protuberances that appear to be outgrowths of the cuticle of the leaf blade or of the stigma.
Papillae	Minute, rounded protuberances that may cover a surface, e.g., the abaxial leaf blade surfaceae.
Papirácea, papiráceo	Con textura de papel. Equivalente a foliácea.
Papo, pappus	Un cáliz modificado, con pelos, escamas o espinas, característico de muchas Asteraceae. Sinónimo de vilano.
Pappus	A modified calyx of hairs, scales, or bristles typical of many Asteraceae.
Papyraceous	Papery.
Paquicaule	Forma de crecimiento en la que el árbol no posee ramificaciones (monocaule) o es apenas ramificado, los tallos son gruesos y las hojas son muy grandes
Paracytic stomata	Referring to a stomatal type in which the two subsidiary cells are parallel to the long axis of the guard cells. The brachyparacytic type is the same as the paracytic type.
Paracytic stomata	Referring to a stomatal type in which the two subsidiary cells are parallel to the long axis of the guard cells. The brachyparacytic type is the same as the paracytic type.
Parallel venation	Generally applied to secondary or higher-order veins that are parallel to each other and to the margins of the leaf, sepal, or petal in which they occur but in monocots they are often numerous primary veins of the same size.
Parallelodromous	Referring to a leaf venation in which there are multiple parallel primary veins that originate at the leaf blade base and converge toward the leaf blade apex. Mostly restricted to monocotyledons. See Ellis et al. 2009 for more detailed descriptions of leaf characters.
Páramo	A Spanish term referring to a high-elevation, humid, Andean vegetation ranging from Venezuela to northern Peru.
Paraphyletic	A taxonomic group encompassing some but not all of the descendants of its most recent common ancestor.
Parásita	Se dice de un organismo que obtiene los nutrientes de un hospedante; por ejemplo, Helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae)
Parasite (parasitic)	An organism that obtains its nutrition entirely (e.g., Helosis cayennensis) or partly (e.g., Loranthaceae) from other plants.
Parenchyma	Ground tissue composed of mostly isodiametric, thin-walled cells that usually retain the ability to divide.
Parietal placentation	A type of placentation found in compound, unilocular ovaries in which the ovules arise from placentae inserted on the wall of the locule near the sutures.
Paripinnada	Dos veces pinnada; por ejemplo, las hojas de muchas especies de Fabaceae-Mimosoideae. Ver pinnada
Paripinnate leaf	Pinnate with an even number of leaflets; i.e., without a terminal leaflet. Same as even-pinnate and parapinnate..
Parthenogenic	The production of offspring from an egg without fertilization.
Patch Size Score	0-10 scale of forest block size (>2 hectare to >20 hectares)
Patelliform	Shaped like a kneecap; e.g., the glands of some species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae).
Patent	Spreading.
Pearl bodies	Glycogen-rich food bodies on the surfaces of the leaves of species of Pourouma (Cecropiaceae). Compare with Muellerian bodies.
Peciolo	Rabillo que une a la lámina de una hoja con el tallo o rama; en las hojas compuestas es el rabillo que está entre la inserción de la hoja en el tallo o rama y el par basal de foliolos
Peciólulo	Peciolo que sostiene a la hojuelas en las hojas compuestas. Hay varios órdenes de peciólulos en las hojas que son dos o más veces compuestas. En las hojas palmeadas-compuestas los peciólulos están dispuestos de manera radial desde un punto central
Peconha	For trees smaller than ten centimeters in diameter, a climber can use an adjustable loop called a peconha in Brazilian Portuguese. A peconha was traditionally made of bark fiber, but is now made of canvas.The climber places it around his feet, grips the tree with both hands and his looped-together feet, and essentially hops up the tree. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com.
Pectinate	Pinnately divided into many more or less parallel segments and resembling the teeth of a comb.
Pedaliform	Resembling the sole of a foot in shape.
Pedate	Palmately divided with the lateral divisions 2-cleft.
Pedatisect	Pedately divided with the sinuses nearly reaching the middle. Compare with pedate.
Pedicel	The stalk of the flower. Flowers without pedicels are called sessile.
Pedicel (adj. = pedicellate)	The stalk supporting some flowers.
Pedicel scar	The scar left by the stalk to which the fruit is attached.
Pedicel/hypanthium	The pedicel is articulate in all species of Lecythidaceae. In some species the hypanthium tapers to the articulation and resembles a pedicel and, in other species, the hypanthium is truncate and does not resemble a pedicel. Thus, everything from the calyx to the articulation and from the articulation to the rachis is called the pedicel/hypanthium.
Pedicel/hypanthium tapered to articulation	The pedicel/hypanthium is tapered gradually to the ariculation such that a true pedicel appears to be present
Pedicel/hypanthium truncate at articulation	There is no clear cut pedicel in this type of pedicel/hypanthium
Pedicelo	Estructura usualmente linear u oblonga que sostiene a la flor
Peduncle	The stalk of an inflorescence.
Peduncular bract	A bract on the peduncle in Arecaceae located on the main axis of the inflorescence between the prophyll and the first bract of the rachis; any bract associated with the peduncle; e.g., in the Orchidaceae.
Pedunculate	Possessing a peduncle.
Pedúnculo	Parte basal del eje de la inflorescencia
Pega-pega	Se refiere a plantas que dispersan sus frutos o semillas por contacto, pegándose a las plumas o pelos de los animales. Muchas malezas tienen este tipo de dispersión, frecuentemente se pegan a las ropas de las personas
Pellucid dots	Dots that transmit light when held against a light source, often observed on the leaves of some species of Myrtaceae and Rutaceae.
Pelos Combretáceos	Se refiere a largos pelos unicelulares, agudos, con una pared muy gruesa, que poseen hacia la base un compartimento interior cónico; característico de las Combretaceae.
Peltada	Se refiere a una lámina de la hoja cuyo peciolo está insertado en la porción inferior interna y no en el margen; por ejemplo, Nymphaea glandulifera (Nymphaeaceae) y Hydrocotyle umbellata (Apiaceae).
Peltate leaf	Referring to a leaf blade attached to the petiole by its lower surface rather than its margin; for example species of Nymphaea glandulifera, Hydrocotyle umbellata, and those illustrated for this term.
Peltate scale	A scale attached to a stalk by its lower surface rather than its margin; for example, the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of the leaves of Dendrobangia boliviana, the leaves of species of Duguetia, and the leaves of species of Croton and other species of Euphorbiaceae, and many species of Capparidaceae may have peltate scales.
Pendent, pendulous	Hanging.
Penicillate	Shaped like an artist’s brush; e.g., the stigma of some species of Turnera (Turneraceae).
Pepo	A fleshy, indehiscent, many-seeded fruit with a rigid exocarp typical of many species of Cucurbitaceae.
Percurrent growth	In the Viscaceae, the longitudinal pattern of shoot growth through continued activity of the apical meristem.
Percurrent tertiary venation	Tertiaries from the opposite secondaries joining (Hickey, 1973)
Percurrent veins	Veins of the same order that run parallel to each another between veins of a higher order; e.g., tertiary veins and their orientation between secondary veins.
Perennate	Referring to an organ; e.g., an inflorescence, persisting for more than one flowering period.
Perennial	A plant that lives and produces seeds for three or more years. Compare with annual and biennial.
Perfect flower	Referring to a flower that possesses both male (staminate) and female (pistillate) organs.
Perfoliate	Referring to a stem that penetrates two leaf bases that are completely fused together. When two leaf bases wrap around the stem the leaf is said to be amplexicaulous or clasping.
Perfoliate	Referring to a stem that with two leaf bases that are completely fused together, i.e., the leaves look as if their bases grew through the leaves.
Perforate	Provided with holes; e.g., the leaves of some species of Monstera (Araceae).
Pergameneous	With the texture of parchment.
Perianth	The collective term for the calyx and the corolla, even when they are not differentiated (i.e., represented by tepals).
Perianto	Término general para referirse al cáliz y a la corola, aún cuando no están diferenciados (en este caso el perianto está compuesto por los tépalos).
Pericarp	The wall of the fruit, which is usually made up of three layers: exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.
Pericarp	The wall of the fruit, which is usually made up of three layers, the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp which are the outer, middle, and and inner layers of the fruit, respecitively.

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