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Term	Definition
Mesic	Referring to a habitat intermediate in moisture or water supply; i.e., not too dry and not too wet.
Mesocarp	The middle layer of the fruit wall. Compare with pericarp.
Mesochile	The central portion of a complex lip in Orchidaceae.
Metabolismo ácido de las Crassulaceae	Es una manera de fotosíntesis que es característica de las plantas que crecen en agua o ambientes con limitado Dióxido de Carbono. Es más prevalente en especies de Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Crassulaceae y Orchidaceae.
Metamorphosis	Change in the morphology and habits of an animal as a part of its normal life cycle, e.g., the changes in a butterfly as it develops from an egg to a chrysalis (= pupa), and finally to an adult or a tadpole that develops into a frog.
Mico-heterótrofa, mico-heterotrófica	Se refiere a una planta heterótrofa que carece de clorofila, vive sobre material orgánico en descomposición y depende de una relación simbiótica con un hongo para obtener su alimento
Micro-	A prefix meaning small.
Microgametophyte	See pollen.
Microhabitat	A specialized habitat usually created by living organisms such as trees; e.g., the habitats found within the crown or along the trunk of a tree.
Microphyll	A leaf with a single vein, characteristic of Lycopodiaceae and Selaginellaceae and not found in the flowering plants. Compare with megaphyll.
Micropyle	An opening in the integuments of the ovule through which the pollen tubes generally penetrate.
Micropyle	An opening in the integuments of the ovule through which the pollen tubes generally penetrate.
Microsporangium (plural = microsporangia)	A structure in which microspores are formed.
Microspore	A spore that develops into a male gametophyte.
Microsporophyll	A reduced leaf bearing one or more microsporangia.
Midnerve	Same as midrib but used less frequently.
Midrib	The primary vein of a leaf, bract, sepal, or petal. Same as costa, midnerve, midvein, and primary vein.
Midrib	Referring to the princiipal or primary vein of a leaf blade that runs from the base of the leaf blade along the middle to the apex of the leaf blade.
Midrib plane adaxially	A midrib rib that is neither salient or impressed toward the base of the adaxial side of the leaf blade, i.e., it is flat with the leaf blade surface.
Midrib square abaxially	A midrib that appears to be square on the abaxial side of the leaf blade.
Midvein	Same as midrib but used less frequently.
Mirmecófito	Se refiere a una planta que tiene una relación simbiótica con hormigas. En las Orchidaceae normalmente se refiere a a la planta que tiene especies específicas de hormigas habitando en las raíces u otras estructuras como el pseudobulbo, e.g. en Calaurthron billamelatum, el pseudobulbo es hueco y habitado por hormigas; en Tococa guianensis (Melastomataceae), la base de las hojas tienen domacios que son habitados por hormigas.
Mitra-shaped	Shaped like a bishop’s hat; i.e., broadest at the base and tapered equally on each side to the apex.
Modified steady state phenology	A flowering strategy in which a few flowers are produced each day over long periods of time but for shorter periods than in steady state species.
Monad	A pollen grain that occurs singly. Compare with tetrad.
Monad	Referring to pollen grains that occur singly, i.e., they separate immediately after meiosis.
Monadelphous	Referring to stamens united by their filaments into a single group.
Moniliform	Cylindric but constricted at regular intervals and, thus, appearing like a string of beads; e.g., the staminal hairs of Commelinaceae.
Mono-	A prefix meaning one.
Monocarp	A unit of the fruit of apocarpous Annonaceae (e.g., Guatteria spp. and Unonopsis spp.), Menispermaceae, Monimiaceae, Ochnaceae, and Simaroubaceae..
Monocarpy (monocarpic or monocarpous)	Referring to plants that die after a single episode of flowering and fruiting; e.g., many bambusoid Poaceae and Tachigali (Fabaceae). Same as hapaxanthic and semelparic and opposite of iteroparic, pleionanthic, or polycarpic.
Monochlamydeous	Referring to a flower with a single whorl of perianth parts; same as a uniseriate perianth. Compare with heterochlamydeous.
Monocliny (monoclinous)	A species with functionally bisexual flowers; there is only one kind of monoclinous species. Same as homoecioius. Compare with dicliny.
Monocolpate	A pollen grain with a single colpus.
Monocotyledon (monocot)	One of the two classes of angiosperms usually characterized by having one cotyledon, parallel-veined leaves, and flower parts most often in threes. In the classification of Cronquist (1981), this class is called Liliopsida. In the APG classification it is not a monophyletic group. Palms and grasses are examples of economically important monnocots.
Monoecy (monoecious)	Referring to the sexual condition of a species of plant that bears male (staminate) and (female) pistillate flowers on the same plant. This is also an example of one of the two kinds of monoclinous species. Compare with dioecious.
Monogeneric	Referring to a plant family with a single genus.
Monograph	A scientific publication that includes all information known about a group of plants throughout its geographic range; e.g., Flora Neotropica Monographs.
Monographer	A botanist who prepares a monograph.
Monomorphic	Referring to structures or organs within a species or individual that do not differ distinctly in form or size. Compare with dimorphic and heteromorphic.
Monophyletic	A group derived from the same ancestral taxon.
Monopodial	Referring to plants with indeterminate growth along one axis. Monopodial stems and branches appear straight.
Monopodial growth	Referring to plants with indeterminate growth along one axis; i.e., the stem grows from the apex and the growth appears straight.
Monospecific	Referring to a higher taxonomic unit, such as a genus or family, composed of a single species.
Monosulcate pollen	Referring to a pollen grain with one groove or furrow.
Monosymmetric flower	A flower capable of being divided into only two equal parts (mirror images) by a line passing through the middle of a flower, i.e., other lines passing the middle of the flower will not give mirror images of one another; same as zygomorphic, bilaterally symmetrical, and irregular flowers and opposite of actinomorphic, monosymmetric, radially symmetrical, and regular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well.
Monothecous	Referring to an anther with a single theca.
Monotypic	Referring to a genus with a single species.
Morichal	A Spanish name referring to a palm swamp dominated by moriche palms Mauritia flexuosa. Same as aguajal also in Spanish and burital in Portuguese.
Morph	A phenotypic or genetic variant.
Morphology	Referring to the study of the form and structure of organisms.
Moss life cycle	Alternation of generations of a moss . The conspicuous, green, represents the gametophyte generation which is everything between the spore and the embryo in this illustration whereas the sporophyte is consists of the stalk and capsule elevated above the green gametophyte generation.
Mucilage	A sticky, viscous liquid; e.g., that present among the leaf bases of Rapateaceae or in canals penetrating the ovary and sepals of some Lecythidaceae.
Mucilage ducts (= mucilaginous ducts)	Longitudinally oriented ducts that penetrate the ovary and sepals of some species of Lecythis. These ducts produce a mucilage that is hypothesized as a way to protect the fruits from predation, i.e., insects and other animals get their mouth parts gummed up if they try to penetrate the fruit wall.
Mucro (mucronate)	A sharp point at the apex of a leaf or a similar structure, e.g., a bract.
Muellerian bodies (also spelled Müllerian bodies)	Glycogen-rich food bodies located on fuzzy pads (trichilia) at the base of the petiole of some species of Cecropia (Cecropiaceae). Compare with pearl bodies.
Multiple big bang phenology	A flowering strategy in which abundant flowers are produced each day for a few days at several different times of the year.
Multiple fruit	A fruit formed from the ovaries of more than one flower, e.g., the pineapple fruit which consists of the fusion of the ovaries of the flowers of an inflorescence as the fruits develop.
Multiseriado	Se refiere a una estructura con más de dos verticilos o hileras, como el perianto. Comparar con uniseriado.
Multiseriate	Referring to a structure, such as a perianth, with more than two whorls or rows. Compare with uniseriate.
Muricate	Rough because of the presence of short, often stiff, protuberances.
Muticous	Blunt, without a point.
Mutualism	A symbiotic relationship between two organisms that benefits both; examples are the relationship of Azteca ants with species of Cecropia (the ants receive food and shelter and the plant is protected from preditors by the ants) and the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plants (the fungus receives carbohydrates and the plant receives nutrients).
Mycelium (plural = mycelia)	The totality of hyphae that comprise the above and below ground parts of a fungus.
Mycoheterotroph (adj.= mycoheterotrophic)	Unable to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic substrates, i.e., this kind of plant does not photosynethesize and is not green in color because it lacks chlorophyll. It is called a mycoheterotroph because it receives photosynthate from other plants through fungal ( = mycorrhizal) connections.
Mycoheterotroph (mycoheterotrophic)	A heterotrophic plant that is without chlorophyll, lives on decayed plant material, and depends on a symbiotic relationship with a fungus to obtain food.
Mycorrhiza (plural = mycorrhizae)	A mutualistic symbiotic relationship between certain fungi and the roots of many species of vascular plants. Both the fungus and the vascular plant benefit---the fungus receives carbohydrates from the plant and the plant receives receives mineral nutrients from the fungus. In order to facilitate the transfer of carbohydrate and minerals the hyphae of the fungus penetrate the roots of the vascular plant hosts.
Myrcioid embryo	A type of embryo found in the Myrtaceae in which the cotyledons are normally thin, leafy, and folded, and the narrow, cylindrical hypocotyl is about the same length as the cotyledons and encircling them. Compare with eugenioid embryo and myrtoid embryo.
Myristicaceous branching	A growth form found in the plant family Myristicaceae in which the main trunk is orthotropous and with spiral phyllotaxy, and the branches are plagiotropous with distichous phyllotaxy.
Myrmecochory	Dispersal of seeds by ants.
Myrmecophory	Referring to ants that carry away diaspores from parent plants. The ants are usually attracted to fleshy structures associated with seeds. Same as ant dispersal.
Myrmecophyte	Referring to a plant with a symbiotic relationship with ants; in the Orchidaceae, this normally refers to a plant which has a specific species of ant inhabiting the roots or other structure such as the pseudobulb, e.g. in Calaurthron billamelatum, the pseudobulb is hollow and inhabitated by ants; in Tococa guianensis (Melastomataceae), the bases of the leaves have domatia which are inhabited by ants.
Myrtoid embryo	A variable type of embryo found in the Myrtaceae in which the hypocotyl is the same length or much longer than the cotyledons; in genera with hard seed coats, the embryo is C-shaped; in genera with membranous or submembranous seed coats, the hypocotyl often is greatly swollen, and sometimes the whole embryo forms a spiral. Compare with eugenioid embryo and myrcioid embryo.
Myxocarpy	The production of mucilage by fruits or seeds which may aid in seed dispersal by facilitating the attachment of the diaspores to dispersal agents. Same as myxodiasporic.
Myxodiaspory (myxodiasporic)	The production of mucilage by fruits or seeds which may aid in seed dispersal by facilitating the attachment of the diaspores to to dispersal agents. Same as myxodiasporic. Do not confuse with mucilage ducts in fruit walls which are thought to produce mucilage that protects the seeds from predation by insects and other animals.

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