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Term	Definition
Gamosepalous calyx	Having sepals united for at least part of their length. Same as synsepalous calyx.
Gap	An opening in the canopy of the forest created by falling trees and branches.
Garganta	Es la parte interna de una corola gamopétala (o simpétala)
Garganta de la corola	Es el ensanchamiento inmediato a la boca que se encuentra en el interior del tubo de una corola simpétala.
Geitonogamy (geitonogamous)	Referring to the fertilization of the ovules of a flower by pollen from another flower of the same plant. Compare with xenogamous.
Geminate	Arranged in pairs.
Gemma (gemmiferous; plural = gemmae)	A specialized vegetative bud that often separates from the parent plant to produce a new plant. The gemmae in bryophytes are grouped together in a cup from which they are splashed out of and dispersed by rain drops. A plant that bears gemmae is said to be gemmiferous.
Gemmae cups	A small receptacle or cup on upper surface of bryophytes in which gemmae are produced from which they are splashed out of and dispersed by rain drops.
Geniculate	Abruptly bent like a flexed knee.
Genus (plural = genera)	Referring to a level of taxonomic classification between species and family, i.e., a genus is made up of species and a family is made up of genera; a scientific name of a plant consists of three parts: the genus name, the species epithet, and the author(s) of the name (e.g., the chocolate tree Theobroma cocoa L. in which Theobroma is the generic name, cocoa is the species epithet, and L. stands for Linnaeus, the botanist who provided the name).
Geophyte	A herbaceous plant that perennates by means of underground parts; i.e., at least part of the plant’s life cycle is spent below the ground, usually to avoid environmental stresses such as prolonged dry or cold periods.
Geotropic	Referring to a shoot or root that responds positively to the pull of the earth’s gravity.
Geoxylic suffrutices	Shrubs, often found in cerrado habitats, that produce a woody trunk below the ground and only branches above the ground.
Germinate	Emerge from a dormant state, e.g., when a seed emerges from the seed coat and develops into a seedling.
GFA (Grupo para la filogenia de las Angiospermas)	Es la organización responsable de coordinar una nueva clasificación de las Angiospermas basada en datos anatómicos, morfológicos, químicos y principalmente moleculares. Su clasificación más reciente se encuentra en el sitio Angiosperm Phylogeny Website at http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/
Gibbous	Pouched or swollen on one side.
Gibbous	Swollen on one side.
Gineceo	Término general que se refiere al pistilo de la flor. Comparar con androceo
Gineceo apocárpico	Es un gineceo compuesto de carpelos libres; por ejemplo en Guatteria Annonaceae y Menispermaceae. Opuesto a gineceo sincárpico
Gineceo sincárpico	Es un gineceo compuesto de carpelos connados
Ginóforo	Pedículo que sostiene a un ovario; por ejemplo, en Capparaceae y Simaroubaceae
Glabrate	Becoming glabrous.
Glabrescent	Becoming glabrous or nearly glabrous.
Glabrous	Smooth, devoid of trichomes (hairs).
Gland	A secretory structure such as a floral or extrafloral nectary; a glandlike body whether it is secretory or not; e.g., the body connecting, via translators, the two pollinia of Apocynaceae subfamily Asclepiadoideae.
Glándula	Estructura secretoria, como un nectario floral o extrafloral. Un cuerpo glandular ya sea que secrete o no; por ejemplo, el corpúsculo que conecta los dos polinios de las Apocynaceae subfamilia Asclepiadoideae
Glandular trichome	Hairlike outgrowths of the epidermis with bulbous expansions at their apices that presumably secretes substance that maket difficult for insect predators to eat the plant.
Glandular trichomes	Hairlike outgrowths of the epidermis with bulbous expansions at their apices.
Glaucous	Covered with a whitish substance that can be rubbed off.
Globally symmetrical pollen	In the Malpighiaceae, pollen with the pores not all in the same plane and the ectoapertures, if present, variously oriented.
Globose	Referring to a spherical solid shape.
Glochid	A very thin and usually deciduous, barbed spine characteristic of some Cactaceae (Opuntioideae).
Glochidiate	Barbed; bearing glochids.
Glomerate	Referring to a structure, such as an inflorescence, composed of very densely clustered units; e.g., flowers.
Glomerule	A tightly congested cymose inflorescence or inflorescence derived from it, usually with sessile flowers; e.g., in the Asteraceae.
Glume	A bract at the base of a spikelet in the Poaceae.
Grade	A level of evolutionary organization and advancement.
Grain	See caryopsis.
Granular	Referring to a surface covered my minute, grain-like bodies.
Granulate (granulose)	Appearing as if covered by very small grains; minutely or finely mealy.
Ground layer	A hypothetical stratum of tropical rain forests consisting of herbs and other small plants that grow close to the ground. Same as ground story.
Ground story	Lowest layer of vegetation in a forest; composed of terrestrial herbs. Same as but less preferred than ground layer.
Ground tissue	Plant tissue other than the vascular tissue, the epidermis, or the periderm.
Growth form	The life form of a plant; e.g., herb, tree, or shrub. Same as habit.
Guard cells	Two cells that flank each side of the stomatal opening. These cells control the input and output of carbon dioxide and oxygen and the output of water by opening and closing at different times of the day.
Guard cells	Two cells that flank each side of the stomatal opening. These cells control the input and output of carbon dioxide and oxygen and the output of water by opening and closing at different times of the day.
Guayana	A phytogeographic region corresponding to the Guayana Shield and including the Guianas and parts of northern Amazonian Brazil, Amazonian Colombia, and Amazonian Venezuela. Guayana should not to be confused with Guyana, the country, or the Guianas, a political term that encompasses Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
Guayana Shield	A geographic region in northern South America corresponding with Precambrian bedrock.
Gymnosperm	A vascular plant with seeds not enclosed in an ovary (examples of gymnosperms are cycads, pines, firs, and spruce trees). The name of this group of plants means naked seeds.
Gynobasic style	Referring to a style arising from the base of the ovary. Gynobasic styles are of two types: 1) the style is inserted laterally at the base of a syncarpous ovary as in Chrysobalanaceae and Rhabdodendraceae 2) the style arises from the center of an apocarpous ovary as in many species of Lamiaceae.
Gynodioecy (gynodioecious)	Referring to a sexual condition of a species that bears pistillate flowers on some plants and bisexual flowers or staminate flowers as well as pistillate flowers on other plants.
Gynoecium (Pl. = gynoecia)	The female part of the flower (i.e., the pistil).
Gynoecium (plural = gynoecia)	The collective term for the pistillate structure (the pistils) of the flower. Compare with androecium.
Gynoecium apocarpous	Referring to a gynoecium of distinct carpels; e.g., many species of Annonaceae, Crassulaceae, Menispermaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, etc. Compare with syncarpous.
Gynoecium syncarpous	A gynoecium composed of fused carpels.
Gynomonoecy (gynomonoecious)	Referring to a sexual condition of a species that bears pistillate flowers and bisexual flowers on same plants.
Gynophore	Stalk of the ovary; e.g., in Capparaceae and Simaroubaceae. Same as stipe.
Gynostegial corona	A corona derived from the gynostegium.
Gynostegium	The structure formed by the fusion of the stamens and the stigmatic region of the gynoecium in the Apocynaceae subfamily Asclepiadoideae. Compare with column in the Orchidaceae.
Gynostemium	In the Aristolochiaceae, a structure formed by the fusion of the stamens to the style and stigma.
Habit	The growth form of a plant; e.g., herb, tree, or shrub.
Habit	The growth form of a plant; e.g., herb, tree, or shrub. Same as growth form.
Habitat	El lugar donde crece una planta, por ejemplo: un humedal, un bosque muy húmedo, una savana, etc…
Habitat	The place where a plant grows, for example in a wet area along a stream, in a pond, rain forest, savanna etc.
Habitat Hectares Approach	Method for vegetation or habitat quality assessment for extant native vegetation.
Habitat Quality Score	Habitat Quality Score, determined by the team at the Sampling Event site, as assessed by summing ten component scores as follows: Large Trees Score; Canopy Cover Score; Understory Score; Weediness Score; Recruitment Score; Litter Score; Loggy-ness; Patch Size; Neighborhood; Distance to Core.
Hair	See trichome which is used more correctly for plants.
Halophyte (halophytic)	A plant adapted to growing in saline soils. (referring to a plant growing in saline soils)
Hapaxanthy (hapaxanthic or hapaxanthous)	Referring to plants that die after a single episode of flowering and fruiting; e.g., many bambusoid Poaceae, some palms, and and some Tachigali (Fabaceae). Same as monocarpic and semelparic and opposite of polycarpic, iteroparic, and pleionanthic.
Haploid	Having one set of chromosomes. See diploid.
Haplostemonous	Referring to an androecium with a single series of stamens in one whorl.
Hapter (plural = haptera)	Disclike or irregularly formed lateral outgrowths of roots (rarely shoots) that affix plants of many Podostemaceae to the substrate. Same as holdfast.
Hard bast	The inner non-functional part of the xylem, i.e., the dead part of the xylem that no longer transports water and nutrients to the leaves but serves as support for the plant. Same as heartwood.
Hastada	Con forma de punta de una flecha, pero con los lóbulos basales divergentes, dispuestos en ángulos más o menos rectos en relación al eje
Hastate	In the shape of an arrowhead but with the basal lobes spreading at more or less right angles to the long axis.

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