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Term	Definition
Antherode	The anther of a staminode; an anther that bears pollen that does not germinate.
Antherode	The anther of a staminode; an anther that bears pollen that does not germinate; in the Lecythidaceae, antherodes are found in the androecial hood and in the innermost row of anthers on the ligular side of the staminal ring of some species, in the Lecythidaceae antherodes are often different in color, usually yellow, than the anthers of the stamens which are usually white.
Anthers basifixed	Referring to an anther attached to the filament at its base.
Anthers basifixed	Anthers attached to their filaments at the very base.
Anthers black	Anthers that look black at anthesis either because the anther is black or because the pollen is black.
Anthers orange	Anthers that look orange at anthesis either because the anther is orange or because the pollen is orange.
Anthers versatile	Anthers that are attached above the base and can be moved more freely on the apices of their filaments than can anthers that are attached at their bases (= anthers basifixed).
Anthers white	Anthers that look white at anthesis either because the anther is white or because the pollen is white. White anthers are common in neotropical Lecythidaceae.
Anthers yellow	Anthers that look yellow at anthesis either because the anther is yellow or because the pollen is yellow.
Anthesis	The expanding and opening of a flower.
Anthesis	The expanding and opening of a flower; another way of saying "in flower."
Antipodals	Three cells located at the end of the matural megagametophyte opposite the micropyle. These cell apparently have no function and desintegrate after fertilization.
Apetalous flower	Without petals.
Apical	Toward the apex. Opposite of basal. Same as distal.
Apical placentation	A type of placentation in which the ovules are attached at the apex of the locule. See placentation.
Apical pore	An opening at the apex of a structure; e.g., the flower of some species of Monimiaceae or the anthers of some species, such as, Gustavia augusta (Lecythidaceae).
Apomixis (adj. = apomitic)	In the broad sense, any form of asexual reproduction, and, in the narrow sense, seed production without fertilization. This term is more commonly used for the production of seed without fertilization.
Apomorphic character	Referring to a feature of a plant that is derived from an ancestral character state, i.e., an evolutionary advanced character state that helps define taxonomic groups, e.g., the Couratari clade of neotropical Lecythidaceae.
Appendage	A secondary structure or outgrowth attached to a main structure; e.g., the outgrowths on anthers of Melastomataceae or species of Viola.
Appendage-free ligule	The part of a ligule between the staminal ring and the androecial hood that is free of stamens, staminodes, and vestigial stamens (collectively called appendages), or at least the appendages are very sparse compared to their density in the staminal ring or on the hood.
Appressed	Lying flat against a surface or axis; e.g., trichomes, leaves, or bracts.
Aquatic	Growing in or on the water.
Arched tertiary veins	Referring to tertiary veins that orginate from the midrib and arch downward to the infra adjacent secondary vein.
Archegonium (plural = archegonia)	Referring to a multicellular haploid structure in which the egg is produced in mosses, hepatics, ferns, and relatively few vascular plants.
Areole (areolate)	Referring to the smallest area of leaf tissue surrounded by veins, the sides of which can be comprised of any order of vein (Ellis et al., 2009).
Aril	A fleshy outgrowth from the base of the funicle.
Aril (arillate)	A fleshy covering or appendage of a seed derived from the funicle.
Aril basal	An aril located at the base of the seed.
Aril basal-lateral	An aril starting at the base and extending part way up the side of the seed.
Aril half I-beam	An aril that runs the length of the side of the seed and then abruptly turns to cover one or both ends of the seed.
Aril lateral	An aril that runs along the side of the seed such as in many, but not all, species of Eschweilera.
Aril spreading	The aril spreads around the entire seed and, thus, looks like a sarcrotesta. In contrast to a sarcotesta, a spreading aril arises from the I-beam aril and not the seed surface.
Arilo	Estructura carnosa que recubre a la semilla o apéndice carnoso derivado del funículo en una semilla. El arilo ayuda a la dispersión de las semillas por animales, éstos se llevan la semilla y solamente ingieren el arilo o ingieren la semilla completa con el arilo; en el último caso, el arilo es digerido y la semilla usualmente es excretada en algún otro sitio. Comparar con eleosoma y sarcotesta
Arilo basal-lateral	Se refiere cuando el arilo empieza en la base y se extiende parcialmente sobre sobre un lado de la semilla
Arilo general	Se refiere al tipo de arilo que recubre totalmente a una semilla, de este modo es parecido a una sarcotesta
Arilo lateral	Se refiere cuando el arilo está dispuesto sobre un lado de la semilla; por ejemplo, en algunas especies de Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae).
Armed	Plants provided with prickles, spines, or thorns.
Aroid	The common name for a member of the plant family Araceae.
Articulation	—
Articulation	A joint between two separable parts, e.g., between a leaf and a stem or between a lower and upper part of a pedicel,
Asexual reproduction	Referring to the production of new plants not involving the fusion of sperm and eggs, e.g., vegetation reproduction by buds or runners.
Asymmetric	Referring to a structure that can be divided into numerous mirror-image halves. This and its associated terms are usually, but not exclusively, applied to flowers. Opposite of symmetric.
Asymmetric leaf base	Referring to a leaf base in which the two sides do not attach to the petiole at the same place, i.e., one is attached to the petiole higher than the other is attached.
Attenuate	Tapering very gradually to a narrow tip.
Auricle	An ear-shaped appendage; for example, on the lip of an orchid or at the apex of the leaf sheath of Poaceae; also used for appendices not so ear-shaped, for example the appendices arising at the junction between the claw and the blade of clawed petals.
Auriculate (auricled)	Referring to an organ or structure, such as a leaf blade, with earlike lobes, which usually are situated at the base.
Autochorous	A type of seed dispersal in which the diaspore is ejected by the action of the parent plant.
Autogamy (autogamous)	Referring to fertilization resulting from the union of a sperm and an egg from the same plant.
Autotroph (autotrophic)	Capable of synthesizing complex organic substances from simple inorganic substrates, i.e., it photosynthesizes.
Awn	A bristle or hairlike appendage; e.g., the terminal extension of the midvein of the glume, palea, or lemma in the Poaceae.
Awn (awned)	The terminal extension of the midrib of an organ such as a bract (bearing awns).
Axile placentation	A type of ovule arrangement in which the ovules arise from placental tissue derived from the apices of the septa of a locule. In this type of placentation the apices of the septa are fused or in very close proximity to one another.
Axillary	Arising from an axil; for example, an axillary bud arising in the axil between the stem and the petiole.
Axillary bud	A bud that arises in a leaf axil. Same as lateral bud.
Axillary inflorescence	A inflorescence that arises from a leaf axil
Axillary inflorescence	An inflorescence that arises from a leaf axil
Baccate	Berrylike. See berry.
Ballistic dispersal	A type of dispersal in which seeds are ejected from the fruits upon dehiscence. Same as autochorous.
Banner	The upper, broad petal of Fabaceae. Same as standard, banner, and vexillum with standard the preferred term.
Barbate (diminutive = barbellate)	Bearded or tufted with hairs.
Bark	All tissue of the trunk and branches external to the vascular cambium.
Bark	The tissue of the trunk and branches external to the vascular cambium.
Bark fissured	Bark with distinct longitudinal grooves.
Bark not fissured	A bark that does not have conspicuous vertically oriented fissures.
Bark rough	Bark without fissures and scallops yet with very shallow irregular cracs and often shedding small pieces of bark.
Bark scalloped	A bark that peels in irregular plates that leave conspicuous depressions.
Bark slightly fissured	Bark with vertical fissures that are less than 5 mm deep.
Bark smooth	A bark without fissures, scallops, or roughness.
Basal	Toward the base. Opposite of apical. Same as proximal.
Basal aril	An aril located at the base of the seed.
Basal placentation	A type of placentation in which the ovules arise from the base of the locule.
Basal rosette	Referring to an arrangement of leaves radiating from the base of the stem and usually placed close to the ground.
Basal-lateral aril	An aril starting at the base and extending part way up the side of the seed.
Basidiomycetes	A type of fungus that produces its spores on club-shaped structures called basidia, including some of the more conspicuous fungi such as mushrooms, bracket fungi, and puffballs. Many basidiomycetes form mycorrhizal association with flowering plants.
Basifixed	Attached at the bottom or the base; e.g., the anthers of many plants.

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