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Term	Definition
Pterophyll	Expanded sepal (usually white or green) of some Rubiaceae that usually are expanded fully after anthesis and aid in wind dispersal.
Rachilla	The axis of a spikelet of a Cyperaceae or a Poaceae along which are placed the florets.
Radially symmetrical flower	A flower, capable of being divided, by more than one line passing through the middle of the flower, into two equal parts that are mirror images of one another; e.g., in Gustavia (Lecythidaceae), species of Myrtaceae, and species of Rubiaceae. Same as actinomorphic, polysymmetric, and regular flowers and opposite of zygomorphic, monosymmetric, bilateral, and irregular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well.
Radially symmetrical pollen	In the Malpighiaceae, referring to pollen with pores on the equator and colpi, if present, oriented at right angles to the equator.
Ray flower	A zygomorphic flower with a straplike corolla found in Asteraceae. Compare with disk flower.
Receptacle	The more or less expanded apex of the axis beyond the pedicel upon which the floral parts are borne.
Receptacular throat	In the Cactaceae, the part of the receptacle above the receptacular tube.
Receptacular tube	In the Cactaceae, the broadened part of the receptacle between the summit of the ovary and the point at which the receptacle begins to broaden. Same as epigynous hypanthium.
Recepticle	The thickened part of the pedicel from which the flower organs or the fruits arise. In some accessory fruits, for example the pome and strawberry, the receptacle gives rise to the edible part of the fruit.
Regular flower	A flower, capable of being divided, by more than one line passing through the middle of the flower, into two equal parts that are mirror images of one another; e.g., in Gustavia (Lecythidaceae), species of Myrtaceae, and species of Rubiaceae. Same as actinomorphic, polysymmetric, and radially symmetrical flowers and opposite of zygomorphic, monosymmetric, bilateral, and irregular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well.
Resupinate	Turned 180° in development; e.g., flowers of the Orchidaceae in which the lip originates in the uppermost position but twists 180° so it facing downward at anthesis. Most orchids have resupinate flowers.
Rostellum (plural = rostella)	The portion of the stigma of some Orchidaceae that separates the anther from the fertile part of the stigma and aids in gluing the pollinia to the pollinators; a small beak.
Rotate	Disk-shaped or flat and circular, usually referring to a sympetalous corolla with a short tube and very widely spreading lobes.
Salverform	Referring to the shape of a sympetalous corolla in which the tube is slender and the lobes are abruptly spreading and flat. Same as hypocrateriform and more frequenly used by authors than that term.
Sectile	Referring to the aggregate clumps of soft, granular pollen which distinguishes some species of Orchidaceae. In these species the pollen is easily separated and not aggregated in distinct pollinia.
Sectile pollen	Referring to the aggregate clumps of soft, granular pollen which distinguishes some species of Orchidaceae. In these species the pollen is easily separated and not aggregated in distinct pollinia.
Sepal (sepals)	A segment of the calyx.
Septal nectary	A nectary developing in the septal regions of the ovary.
Septal region	The part or parts of the ovary associated with the septa.
Simple pistil	A gynoecium composed of a single carpel.
Simple style	Referring to a style that is not divided at the apex.
Spathella	Saclike covering of the young flowers of Podostemaceae.
Spur	A tubular, usually nectar-producing outgrowth of a part of a flower; e.g., part of the sepal in some Vochysiaceae.
Stamen	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther; in the Lecythidaceae stamens are found attached to the staminal tube in those genera that have one (Allantoma, Cariniana, Grias, and Gustavia) and, as far is known, to the staminal ring of species with zygomorphic flowers. Stamens associated with the ligule are hypothesized to be staminodes bearing antherodes and not anthers.
Stamens	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther.
Staminal tube	A floral tube formed by the fusion of androecial tissue, usually the filaments.
Staminate flower	Referring to unisexual flowers with functional stamens but without functional gynoecia (pistillodes may be present). Same as male flower.
Staminode	A sterile stamen, sometimes modified such that it does not resemble a stamen; e.g., Cannaceae; in the Lecythidaceae, a sterile stamen with pollen that does not germinate.
Standard	The upper, broad petal of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae (legumes with pea-like flowers. Standard is prefered over the synonyms banner, flag, and vexillum petal.
Stemonozone	In the Mimosaceae, a tube formed by the adnation of the corolla and filaments.
Stenopalynous	Referring to plant taxa characterized by only slight variation in pollen forms; e.g., Gunneraceae.
Stigma	The part of the gynoecium receptive to pollen usually located at the summit of the style.
Stylar collar	An annular expansion on the style; e.g., in some species of Melastomataceae and Lecythis zabucajo (Lecythidaceae).
Style	The part of the gynoecium between the ovary and the stigma. A style is not always present.
Style head	The expanded distal part of the style, including the stigma, in some species of Apocynaceae. Same as clavuncle.
Stylopodium	An enlargement at the base of the style as in some species of Apiaceae and Lamiaceae.
Subsuperior ovary	A type of inferior ovary in which the sepals, petals, and stamens do not arise clearly from the apex but instead appear to arise from lower down on the ovary.
Superior ovary	An ovary of a hypogynous or perigynous flower in which the sepals, petals, and stamens arise from beneath or around the ovary (= hypogynous) or from the rim of a hypanthium (=perigynous).
Symmetric flower	Same as actinomorphic flower.
Sympetalous corolla	Having petals united for at least part of their length. Same as gamopetalous; opposite of polypetalous and choripetalous.
Synandrium (plural = synandria)	The structure resulting from the cohesion of the anthers of separate male flowers in some Araceae; an androecium with united filaments; e.g., Campanulaceae.
Synandroidium (plural = synandroidia)	A structure formed by the coherence of staminodes of separate flowers in some Araceae.
Synandry (synandrous)	Having united anthers.
Syngynesious anthers	Anthers cohering in a ring; e.g., in the Asteraceae.
Synsepalous calyx	Having sepals united for at least part of their length. Same as gamosepalous.
Tenuinucellar	Referring to a nucellus composed of the epidermis and an embryo sac. Compare with crassinucellar.
Tepal	A uniseriate perianth in which it can not be determined if the segments are sepals or petals, e.g., the segments of the perianth of a tulip.
Terminal style	Referring to a style that arises from the summit of the ovary.
Tetrad	A group of four pollen grains.
Tetradynamous	Having four long stamens and two short stamens; e.g., in Brassicaceae.
Theca (plural = thecae)	The chamber of an anther in which the pollen is produced.
Torus	The thickened part of a pedicel from which the flowers or fruits arise. In some accessory fruits, for example the pome and strawberry, the receptacle gives rise to the edible part of the fruit.
Translator (=translator arm)	In the Apocynaceae subfamily Asclepiadoideae and Orchidaceae, the structure connecting the pollinia to the gland. Same as caudicle.
Triad	In palms, a group (structurally a short cincinnus) of two lateral staminate flowers and a central pistillate flower.
Tricolpate	Referring to a pollen grain with three colpi.
Tricolporate	Referring to a pollen grain with three pores situated within three colpi.
Trilocular	With three locules; e.g., an ovary.
Trinucleate pollen	Referring to pollen grains that have three nuclei when shed from the anthers. Compare with binucleate pollen.
Tube	A chamber formed by the fusion of separate parts; e.g., the corolla tube or the tube of the spathe in Araceae.
Tubercle	The modified and persistent style base of some Cyperaceae.
Unilocular	Referring to an ovary with a single locule.
Uniseriate perianth	Referring to a perianth with a single whorl composed of either the calyx or the corolla; e.g., the perianth of Nyctaginaceae and Thymelaeaceae.
Unisexual flower	Referring to a flower with either functional stamens or functional gynoecia but not both. Same as imperfect flower.
Unitegmic ovule	An ovule with one integument.
Urticaceous stamens	Stamens that spring forward to release pollen at anthesis; typical of the flowers of the Urticaceae and some related families.
Versatile anther	A stamen in which the filament is attached to the anther above the base of the anther.
Vestigial stamen	An appendage derived directly from a staminode and indirectly from a stamen that no longer has an anther or the anther is small and withered compared to the fertile anthers of normal stamens in the staminal ring or the fodder pollen-producing anthers of staminodes.
Vestigial stamens external	Referring to an inwardly curved hood that possesses vestigial stamens only on the outside of the coil; e.g., in the Lecythidaceae.
Vexillum	The upper, broad petal of Fabaceae. Same as standard, flag, and banner with standard the preferred term.
Viscidium	In the Orchidaceae, a sticky part of the rostellum that is removed with the pollinia as a unit and serves to attach the pollinia to the dispersal agent.
Zygomorphic flower	A flower capable of being divided into only two equal parts (mirror images) by a line passing through the middle of a flower, i.e., other lines passing the middle of the flower will not give mirror images of one another; same as monosymmetric, bilaterally symmetrical, and irregular flowers and opposite of actinomorphic, monosymmetric, radially symmetrical, and regular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well.

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