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Horn
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An flora appendage shaped like an animal’s horn; e.g., the horn of the corona of Apocynaceae subfamily Asclepiadoideae. |
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Hypanthium
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A floral tube made up of fused parts of the perianth and sometimes including receptacular tissue. The tube may be free from the ovary as in perigynous flowers or it may be fused to the ovary as in epignynous flowers. |
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Hypochile
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The basal portion of a complex lip in Orchidaceae. |
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Hypogynium
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A disc or cuplike structure below the ovary of some Cyperaceae. |
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Hypogynous ovary
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Referring to a flower in which 1) the sepals, petals, and stamens are free from one another and arise from beneath the ovary, e.g., the flowers of Ranunculaceae or 2) bristles or other structures as well as stamens arise from below the ovary, e.g., the bristles of some species of Cyperaceae and the modified bracts of species of Poaceae. Compare with epigynous and perigynous. |
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Hypopeltate anther
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Referring to an anther with the filament attached above the base and with the part of the anther that is prolonged downward facing away from the center of the flower. |
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Imbricate-contorted aestivation
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A type of aestivation in which one edge of the structure (e.g., a petal) is above and the other below the structure on each side of it. |
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Imperfect flower
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Referring to a flower that possesses only male (= staminate flower) or female (= pistillate flower) flowers . |
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Incomplete flower
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A flower with at least one of the whorls of floral parts missing; i.e., calyx, corolla, stamen(s), or gynoecium. Compare with complete flower. |
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Inferior ovary
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An ovary in which the floral parts (calyx, corolla, and stamens) arise from the summit; e.g., in Rubiaceae and Asteraceae. |
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Integument
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The outer covering of the ovule that develops into the testa or seed coat; it may be composed of one or two layers, the inner and outer integuments, respectively. |
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Intine
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The inner layer of the two-layered wall of a pollen grain. Compare with exine. |
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Intrastaminal
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Placed inside of the stamens; e.g., the discs of most Anacardiaceae and Meliaceae. |
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Intrastaminal disc
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A fleshy, lobed, or annular nectariferous structure found within flowers between the stamens and the pistil. Preferred spelling is disc. Not to be confused with disk flower. |
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Intruded placenta
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A parietal placenta that penetrates into the locule such that the placentation appears to be axile; e.g., in some species of Flacourtiaceae. |
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Involucrum
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An adherent group of hairs arising from the style head in the Apocynaceae and often forming a ring that closes off the corolla. Sometimes called the ring. |
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Irregular flower
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A flower capable of being divided into only two equal parts (mirror images) by a line passing through the middle of a flower, i.e., other lines passing the middle of the flower will not give mirror images of one another; same as zygomorphic, monosymmetric, and bilaterally symmetrical, flowers and opposite of actinomorphic, monosymmetric, radially symmetrical, and regular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well. |
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Keel
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Ridged like the bottom of a boat; same as carinate.The two lower, united petals of the flower of most species of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae. |
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Labellum
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Same as lip. |
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Laminar placentation
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A type of parietal placentation in which the ovules arise along the surface (rather than the margins) of the carpels. Compare with marginal placentation; see placentation. |
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Lateral style
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Referring to a gynobasic style that arises from the base and side of the ovary. |
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Lemma
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The lower of the two bracts that enclose the floret of the Poaceae, located above the glumes. Compare with palea. |
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Ligulate flower
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A zygomorphic flower with a straplike corolla found in the Asteraceae tribe Lactuceae. Differring from a ray flower by having five instead of three lobes. |
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Ligule coiled
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Referring to a ligule of Lecythidaceae that coils inward one or more times. In species with coiled ligules, the coiled part with the vestigial stamens is called the androecial hood. Species of Eschweilera and Couratari are the only species that have coiled ligules and they are the only species that have nectaries hypothesized to be derived from vestigial stamens. |
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Ligule not coiled
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Referring to a ligule of Lecythidaceae that does not make a full coil inward. On the Osa Peninsula only Lecythis mesophylla is known to have this type of ligule. It does, however, have vestigial stamens that are swept inward but they do not form a complete coils as found in species of Eschweilera and Couratari. In L. mesophylla, the hood is the part of the ligule that possesses vestigial stamens. |
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