Terminalia fagifolia Mart.

  • Authority

    Stace, C. A. & Alwan, A.-R A. 2010. Combretaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 107: 1-369. (Published by NYBG Press)

  • Family

    Combretaceae

  • Scientific Name

    Terminalia fagifolia Mart.

  • Type

    Type. Brazil. Minas Gerais: In campis S. Philippi, 1818, Martius s.n. (lectotype and isolectotypes, M, here designated). Brazil. Goyaz: Near Formigas, Contendas & across Rio S. Francisco between Selgado & Contagem St. Maria, 1817-1820, Martius s.n. (lectoparatypes, n.v.). Specimens in M collected by Martius in Minas Gerais: Caxapora do Gentio are not types because that locality was not mentioned in the protologue.

  • Synonyms

    Myrobalanus fagifolia Kuntze, Terminalia lanceolata Mart., Terminalia fagifolia var. angustifolia Eichler, Terminalia fagifolia var. parvifolia Eichler

  • Description

    Species Description - Deciduous tree or sometimes shrub 1.8-30 m. Leaves 3-12.5 × 1.5-5.5 cm, chartaceous, elliptic or elliptic-oblong (or less often obovate) to narrowly so, acute to obtuse and usually apiculate to very shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate (rarely slightly decurrent) at base, sericeous-pubescent to sparsely so adaxially, sericeous-pubescent to densely so adaxially, sometimes subglabrous when old; domatia absent or weak. Venation craspedodromous-eucamptodromous, midvein moderate, prominent; secondary veins 5-12 pairs, moderately spaced to distant, originating at narrowly acute angles, curved proximally, strongly curved distally and often running parallel and close to margin for short way and then often reaching margin, prominent; intersecondary veins usually absent; tertiary veins mostly closely and very regularly percurrent, prominent; higher order veins distinct; areolation imperfect, prominent. Petiole 0.1-0.8 cm, densely appressed-pubescent, eglandular. Inflorescences 2-5(-6) cm, simple, andromonoecious, the male flowers mostly apical on each inflorescence or sometimes all flowers male in one inflorescence; peduncle 1.4-2.5(-3) cm, densely pubescent; rhachis 0.5-1.5(-2.5) cm, often subcapitate, densely pubescent. Flowers pentamerous, 3-4 mm (male) or 4.5-8 × 3.5-4.5 mm (bisexual); lower hypanthium 3-5.5 mm in bisexual flowers with fruit wings often clearly developing by anthesis, 1.2-2 mm and pedicellike in male flowers, densely pubescent; upper hypanthium 1-1.5 mm, shallowly infundibuliform, densely pubescent; calyx lobes 0.5-1 mm, erect to patent, densely pubescent; disk densely pilose; stamens 4-6.5 mm; style 3-6 mm, glabrous or very sparsely pilose near base. Fruits few crowded on short rhachis, 0.5-1.1 × 1.2-3 cm, flattened, transversely elliptic-oblong in side view, strongly emarginate at base and apex, densely pubescent; wings 2, fairly stiff, equal or subequal, 0.5-1.4 cm wide, to 1.5 cm long at longest point, rounded laterally; body 0.3-0.5 cm wide, bulging on one or both faces usually with 1-2 ridges (rudimentary wings) on each. Reproductive biology. Flowers whitish, cream-colored, yellow, creamish yellow, yellowish green, green, the bisexual ones clearly protogynous. Flowering August to January (June); fruiting October to July.

  • Discussion

    Illustrations. Figs. 2c (venation), 91e (lf), 92e (fr). Eichler (1867), fr, pl. 33; Marquete Ferreira da Silva & Valente (2003), p. 168.

    Terminalia fagifolia is very distinct from all species except T. eichleriana (q.v.) in its characteristic leaf secondary veins, which are strongly curved proximally and distally and tend towards craspedodromous

    (i.e., run right to the leaf margin). There is little variation except in size and pubescence.

  • Common Names

    cambui, capitão do campo, Mussambe, piúna, garote, Caxapora do gentio, catinga do porco, Cascudo, chapada-cascuda

  • Distribution

    Caatinga and cerrado, rocky or hilly scrub, low woodlands, on sand or sometimes clay, at 160-1250 m. Mostly eastern Brazil, from Piauí to Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, scattered west to Bolivia. Glaziou 10712 (K) is said to be from near Rio de Janeiro, where it is not recorded by Marquete Ferreira da Silva (1984) and whence I have seen no other material.

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