Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth var. stans
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Authority
Gentry, Alwyn H. 1992. Bignoniaceae--part II (Tribe Tecomeae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 25: 1-370. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Bignoniaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type illustration. Haiti(?). Plunder Pl. amer. t. 54. 1756.
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Synonyms
Bignonia stans L., Tecoma incisa (Rose & Standl.) I.M.Johnst., Bignonia frutescens Mill., Bignonia incisa DC., Tecoma stans var. apiifolia DC., Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem., Stenolobium stans var. pinnatum Bureau, Stenolobium stans var. apiifolium (DC.) Seem., Gelseminum stans (L.) Kuntze, Stenolobium stans var. multijugum Fr., Stenolobium quinquejugum Loes.
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Description
Species Description - Shrub or small tree to 10 m tall and 25 cm dbh., the bark dark, ridged, the branchlets lepidote, somewhat subpuberulous, more or less terete, drying dark brown when young, light brown when mature. Leaves 3-9-foliolate, the first pair of leaves on a branch often simple or 1-foliolate, the leaflets opposite, serrate, lanceolate, apically acute to acuminate, basally cuneate, the terminal leaflet frequently attenuate, 2.4-15 cm long, 0.86 cm wide, progressively larger distally, the terminal leaflet 4-20 mm long, membranaceous, somewhat lepidote above and below, simple-puberulous at least along the midvein, frequently puberulous below at the base of the secondary veins and sometimes very slightly over the leaflet surface, especially in the nerve axils; petiole 1-9 cm long, slightly lepidote, puberulous at the leaflet bases. Inflorescence a terminal or subterminal raceme of up to 20 flowers, only a few flowers opening at a time, pedicels and rachis lepidote. Flowers with the calyx elongate-cupular, evenly 5-dentate, the teeth ca. 1 mm long, apiculate, 3-7 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, somewhat lepidote throughout, the margin ciliate, with conspicuous sunken submarginal glands; corolla yellow (occasionally slightly orangish yellow) with reddish lines in throat, tubular-campanulate above a narrowed 0.9-1 cm long base, 3.5-5.8 cm long, 1.2-2.4 cm wide at mouth of tube, the tube 3-4.3 cm long, the lobes 1-1.5 cm long, glabrous outside, inside glabrous except for gland-tipped trichomes at level of stamen insertion and twisted trichomes in sinuses and on throat ridges; stamens included, didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 3-4 mm long, sparsely pilose; pistil 3-3.5 cm long, the ovary narrowly cylindric, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, somewhat glandular-lepidote, the ovules 2-seriate in each locule; disk cupular-pulvinate, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide. Fruit a linear capsule, tapering at the ends, subterete when fresh, the calyx caducous, 7-21 cm long, 5-8 mm wide, the surface lenticellate, more or less glabrous, sometimes slightly and inconspicuously lepidote; seeds 3-5 mm long, 2.4-2.7 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated from seed body.
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Discussion
This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and is the national flower of the Bahamas. The wood was formerly used for making bows in Mexico (Standley, 1926). The roots have been used as a diuretic and also to make beer in Mexico; a decoction of flowers and bark is used for stomach pains; also used as an antisyphilitic and vermifuge and to cure diabetes (Standley, 1926). A form from Jujuy, Argentina (e.g., Eyerdam & Beetle 22342, Schreiter 5117) is reported to have the corolla reddish orange; this form also has a more narrowly campanulate corolla than typical T. stans, has the anthers held fairly near the tube mouth, and has a preponderance of simple and 3-foliolate leaves. It might represent hybridization with T. garrocha.
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Common Names
Tronadora, trompeta, gloria, trompetilla, cometa amarilla, retamo, retama, estamasuchil, palo de arco, tulasuchil, san pedro, flor de san pedro, angel, borla de san pedro, saúco amarillo, flor amarillo, canlol, canlol-che, kanlo, kanlol, nixtamalazo, nixtamaxochitl, nextamalxochitl, timboco, timboquc, San Andres, barreto, chacte , tache, tasto, San Andres, marchucha, tagualaishte, flor amarilla, sardinillo, vainilla, candelillo, copete, trumpet-flower, yellow elder, ginger Thomas, roble amarillo, saúco amarillo, fresnillo, chirlobirlos, palo hueso, fresnillo, flor amarillo, Maria Luisa, huaranhuai
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Distribution
Throughout the range of the species except the northwesternmost part (southern Arizona, Texas, northern Mexico) and parts of the central Andes (especially Ecuador). Mostly from sea level to 1500 m, occasionally to 2200 m or more. Also widely cultivated.
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