Cattleya violacea (Kunth) Rolfe
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Authority
Schweinfurth, Charles. 1967. Orchidaceae of the Guayana Highland. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 14: 69-214.
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Family
Orchidaceae
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Scientific Name
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Description
Distribution and Ecology - BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Negro, Jucabi (at mouth of Rio Curicuriari) and vicinity, epiphyte, flowers rich purple, velvety, January 17, 1948, R. E. Schultes ir F. Lopez 9627. BRITISH GUIANA. Near the Rupununi River, Schomburgk, (type of Cattleya superba), Jenman 5907; basin of Rupununi River, Karenambo, lat. about 3°45'N., epiphyte on trees in flooded forest, October 9-13, 1937, A. C. Smith 2248; western extremity of Kanuku Mts., in drainage of Takutu River, epiphyte in dense forest, 200 m alt., sepals rich blue to purple, lip white toward the base with yellow markings, column white, March 4-22, 1938, Smith 3356. COLOMBIA. Vaupes: confluence of Macaya and Ajaju Rivers, Mt. Chiribiquete with quartzite base, summit 246-369 m above forest floor, 526-646 m above sea level, epiphyte, flowers with spicy fragrance, sepals deep violet with lip deep purple. May 15-16, 1943, R. E. Schultes 5380; Rio Negro, vicinity of Piedra de Cocui, epiphytic, flowers showy, velvety purple with the lip darker and yellowish at insertion, December 27, 1947, R. E. Schultes & F. Lopez 9480, 9526. VENEZUELA. Bolivar: San Francisco de Atabapo, Raudal de Atures, Humboldt ir Bonpland s.n. (type of Cymbidium violaceum) ; Orinoco, in damp thickets, Chaffanjon 144; Charro Pescado, Medio Caura, 90 m alt., on branches of Clusia, February 25, 1939, L. Williams 11311; Salto de Para, Medio Caura, 170 m alt., Williams 11487; Rio Paragua, Williams 12503; same locality, between Rio Torono and Salto de Auraima, 275 m alt., epiphyte at edge of forest along river, sepals and petals magenta striped with purple, lip purple, April 11, 1943, E. P. Killip 37370, 37380; Canaima, Rio Icaburii above Uriman, 300-615 m alt., G. C. A. Dunsterville 269. Amazonas: Rio Ventuari, Fernandez s.n.; Fish Creek, Esmeralda, about 100 m alt., August 1928-April 1929, G. H. H. Tate 961; Rio Casiquiare, 100-118 m alt., L. Williams 14730, 15706; San Antonio, Upper Rio Orinoco, 130 m alt., Williams 15017; Brazo Casiquiare, above Capibara, February 1-20, 1931, E. G. Holt & E. R. Blake 692; Rio Orinoco, near the mouth of Rio Cunucunuma, 100 m alt., flowers lavender, April 19-20, 1919, B. Maguire & B. Maguire, Jr. 29051; along Rio Orinoco, just above the mouth of Rio Atabapo, 125 m alt., frequent epiphyte on open trees, "Tepals magenta; lip basally magenta, centrally yellow, apically magenta," June 1, 1959, J. J. Wurdack & L. S. Adderley 42715. COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA (Colombian-Venezuelan boundary; type of Cymbidium violaceum), BRITISH GUIANA (type of Cattleya superba), BRAZIL and PERU.
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Discussion
Cymbidium violaceum H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 341. 1816.
Cattleya superba Schomb. ex Lindl., Sert. Orch. t. 22. 1838.
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Distribution
BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Negro, Jucabi (at mouth of Rio Curicuriari) and vicinity, epiphyte, flowers rich purple, velvety, January 17, 1948, R. E. Schultes ir F. Lopez 9627. BRITISH GUIANA. Near the Rupununi River, Schomburgk, (type of Cattleya superba), Jenman 5907; basin of Rupununi River, Karenambo, lat. about 3°45'N., epiphyte on trees in flooded forest, October 9-13, 1937, A. C. Smith 2248; western extremity of Kanuku Mts., in drainage of Takutu River, epiphyte in dense forest, 200 m alt., se
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