Bibliography Details:
Author(s):
Lens, F.
Schönenberger, Jürg
Baas, P.
Jansen, S.
Smets, E. F.
Lens, F.
Schönenberger, Jürg
Baas, P.
Jansen, S.
Smets, E. F.
Article or Chapter Title:
The role of wood anatomy in phylogeny reconstruction of Ericales
The role of wood anatomy in phylogeny reconstruction of Ericales
Year:
2007
2007
Journal or Book:
Cladistics; the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society 23: 229-254
Cladistics; the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society 23: 229-254
Notes:
Abstract
The systematic significance of wood anatomical characters within Ericales is evaluated using separate and combined parsimony analyses including 23 wood characters and 3945 informative molecular characters. Analyses of wood features alone results in poorly resolved and conflicting topologies. However, when paedomorphic character states are coded as inapplicable, the combined bootstrap topology results in an increase of resolution and support at most deeper nodes compared with the molecular analyses. This suggests that phylogenetic information from the limited number of morphological characters is not completely swampled by an overwhelming amount of molecular data. Based on morphology of vessels and fibers, and the distribution of axial parenchyma, two major wood types can be distinguished within Ericales: (i) a "primitive" type, nearly identical to the wood structure in the more basal outgroup Cornales, which is likely to have persisted in one major clade, and (ii) a "derived" type that must have evolved in at least two separate evolutionary lines. The occurrence of the first type is strongly correlated with shrubs to small trees growing in cold temperate or tropical montaine regions, while the second type is common in tall trees of tropical lowlands. This favors the inclusion of ecologically adaptive features in phylogeny reconstruction.
Notes on Lecythidaceae
Lecythidaceae falls in clade I and Sapotaceae in clade II; thus, adding further support to earlier reports that did not find a sister relationship of the two families. However, Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, and Lecythidaceae share banded axial parenchyma, low and narrow multiseriate rays with exclusively procumbent body ray cells, and prismatic crystals in axial parenchyma, but they can be distinguished from each other based on the presence of vasicentric tracheids and crystal sand (typical of Sapotaceae), the presence of two types of vessel-ray pitting (unique to Sapotaceae and Lecythidaceae), and the tendency to form opposite to alternate intervessel pitting (Ebenaceae). Genera that have an atypical life form compared with the other members of the same clade often show differences in vessel diameter and/or the type of perforation. For example, mixed scalariform/simple perforations occur always in Napoleonaea, a typical member of the understorey vegetation in tropical West Africa. In contrast, the other members of the same clade are typically tall trees characterized by simple perforations. Also other Lecythidaceae that grow in the same understory vegetation types, such as Brazzeia, Pierrina, and Rhaptopetalum (all now considered Scytopetalaceae which is now
considered closely related to Napoleonaeaceae) have the same mixed perforation type.
KEYWORDS = Lecythidaceae, Napoleonaeaceae, morphologicaly phylogeny, phylogeny, molecular phylogeny, wood anatomy
Abstract
The systematic significance of wood anatomical characters within Ericales is evaluated using separate and combined parsimony analyses including 23 wood characters and 3945 informative molecular characters. Analyses of wood features alone results in poorly resolved and conflicting topologies. However, when paedomorphic character states are coded as inapplicable, the combined bootstrap topology results in an increase of resolution and support at most deeper nodes compared with the molecular analyses. This suggests that phylogenetic information from the limited number of morphological characters is not completely swampled by an overwhelming amount of molecular data. Based on morphology of vessels and fibers, and the distribution of axial parenchyma, two major wood types can be distinguished within Ericales: (i) a "primitive" type, nearly identical to the wood structure in the more basal outgroup Cornales, which is likely to have persisted in one major clade, and (ii) a "derived" type that must have evolved in at least two separate evolutionary lines. The occurrence of the first type is strongly correlated with shrubs to small trees growing in cold temperate or tropical montaine regions, while the second type is common in tall trees of tropical lowlands. This favors the inclusion of ecologically adaptive features in phylogeny reconstruction.
Notes on Lecythidaceae
Lecythidaceae falls in clade I and Sapotaceae in clade II; thus, adding further support to earlier reports that did not find a sister relationship of the two families. However, Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, and Lecythidaceae share banded axial parenchyma, low and narrow multiseriate rays with exclusively procumbent body ray cells, and prismatic crystals in axial parenchyma, but they can be distinguished from each other based on the presence of vasicentric tracheids and crystal sand (typical of Sapotaceae), the presence of two types of vessel-ray pitting (unique to Sapotaceae and Lecythidaceae), and the tendency to form opposite to alternate intervessel pitting (Ebenaceae). Genera that have an atypical life form compared with the other members of the same clade often show differences in vessel diameter and/or the type of perforation. For example, mixed scalariform/simple perforations occur always in Napoleonaea, a typical member of the understorey vegetation in tropical West Africa. In contrast, the other members of the same clade are typically tall trees characterized by simple perforations. Also other Lecythidaceae that grow in the same understory vegetation types, such as Brazzeia, Pierrina, and Rhaptopetalum (all now considered Scytopetalaceae which is now
considered closely related to Napoleonaeaceae) have the same mixed perforation type.
KEYWORDS = Lecythidaceae, Napoleonaeaceae, morphologicaly phylogeny, phylogeny, molecular phylogeny, wood anatomy